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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. GraphDB vs. Memgraph vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonMemgraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4jVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Graph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.90
Rank#125  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.76
Rank#99  Overall
#8  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.91
Rank#94  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
Score3.99
Rank#75  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#40  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.ontotext.commemgraph.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orggraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationmemgraph.com/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMediumLinkedInTwitterFacebookGitHubDiscord
DeveloperApache Software FoundationOntotextMemgraph LtdOpenLink Software
Initial release2014200020171998
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 201910.4, October 20237.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoBSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC and C++C
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-free and schema-optionalyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBCGeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilityyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infodynamic graph partitioningyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Multi-source replicationMulti-source replication using RAFTChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingyes inforelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infowith snapshot isolationACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.Users, roles and permissionsFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache PhoenixGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMemgraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
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Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Apache PhoenixGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMMemgraphVirtuoso
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