DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Google BigQuery vs. Hive vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Google BigQuery vs. Hive vs. IBM Cloudant vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBase

Large scale data warehouse service with append-only tables

data warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.97
Rank	#126	Overall
	#59	Relational DBMS

Score	60.38
Rank	#19	Overall
	#13	Relational DBMS

Score	61.17
Rank	#18	Overall
	#12	Relational DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	4.26
Rank	#78	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#42	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

phoenix.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery

hive.apache.org

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

phoenix.apache.org

cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs

cwiki.apache.org/confluence/display/Hive/Home

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Apache Software Foundation

initially developed by Facebook

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2014

2010

2012

2010

1998

Current release

5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 2019

3.1.3, April 2022

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Erlang

Server operating systems

Linux
Unix
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

late-bound, schema-on-read capabilities

yes

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

JDBC

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC
Thrift

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala

.Net
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Python
Ruby

C++
Java
PHP
Python

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

in JavaScript

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Hadoop integration

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Since BigQuery is designed for querying data

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancy

Access privileges (owner, writer, reader) on dataset, table or view level

Google Cloud Identity & Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users, groups and roles

Access rights for users can be defined per database

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
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Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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