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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Hive

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Apache Phoenix vs. Dgraph vs. Hive

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on Hadoop
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score14.03
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#130  Overall
#63  Relational DBMS
Score1.48
Rank#158  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score62.59
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgphoenix.apache.orgdgraph.iohive.apache.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlphoenix.apache.orgdgraph.io/­docscwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Home
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.Apache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by Facebook
Initial release2013201420162012
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20193.1.3, April 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaGoJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM
Data schemeyesyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBCGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsnoyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduce
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Synchronous replication via Raftselectable replication factor
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceHadoop integrationnoyes infoquery execution via MapReduce
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyno infoPlanned for future releasesAccess rights for users, groups and roles

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Apache ImpalaApache PhoenixDgraphHive
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