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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Datomic vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. RethinkDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonDatomic  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonRethinkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseDatomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durabilityA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerDBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.06
Rank#123  Overall
#58  Relational DBMS
Score1.66
Rank#144  Overall
#66  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score19.93
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score2.66
Rank#107  Overall
#20  Document stores
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spannerazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsrethinkdb.com
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.datomic.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticsrethinkdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCognitectGoogleMicrosoftThe Linux Foundation infosince July 2017
Initial release20142012201720162009
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20191.0.7075, December 20232.4.1, August 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infolimited edition freecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJavaJava, ClojureC++C++
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java VMhostedhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, binary, float, bool, date, geometry
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesnoyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCRESTful HTTP APIgRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Clojure
Java
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
C infocommunity-supported driver
C# infocommunity-supported driver
C++ infocommunity-supported driver
Clojure infocommunity-supported driver
Dart infocommunity-supported driver
Erlang infocommunity-supported driver
Go infocommunity-supported driver
Haskell infocommunity-supported driver
Java infoofficial driver
JavaScript (Node.js) infoofficial driver
Lisp infocommunity-supported driver
Lua infocommunity-supported driver
Objective-C infocommunity-supported driver
Perl infocommunity-supported driver
PHP infocommunity-supported driver
Python infoofficial driver
Ruby infoofficial driver
Scala infocommunity-supported driver
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsyes infoTransaction FunctionsnoTransact SQL
TriggersnoBy using transaction functionsnonoClient-side triggers through changefeeds
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnone infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningSharding inforange based
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
none infoBut extensive use of caching in the application peersMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.yesSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnoyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDAtomic single-document operations
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC based
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infousing external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)yesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes inforecommended only for testing and developmentnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancynoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyes infousers and table-level permissions

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More resources
Apache PhoenixDatomicGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseRethinkDB
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