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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. Dgraph vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLDistributed and scalable native Graph DBMSMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comdgraph.iohsqldb.org
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comdgraph.io/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperApache Software FoundationDgraph Labs, Inc.
Initial release2014201020162001
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 20182.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCGoJava
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noJava, SQL
Triggersnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSynchronous replication via Raftnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardno infoPlanned for future releasesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache PhoenixCitusDgraphHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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