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DBMS > Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Dgraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Phoenix vs. Citus vs. CockroachDB vs. Dgraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Phoenix  Xexclude from comparisonCitus  Xexclude from comparisonCockroachDB  Xexclude from comparisonDgraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA scale-out RDBMS with evolutionary schema built on Apache HBaseScalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQLCockroachDB is a distributed database architected for modern cloud applications. It is wire compatible with PostgreSQL and backed by a Key-Value Store, which is either RocksDB or a purpose-built derivative, called Pebble.Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.97
Rank#126  Overall
#59  Relational DBMS
Score2.21
Rank#118  Overall
#56  Relational DBMS
Score6.15
Rank#55  Overall
#33  Relational DBMS
Score1.45
Rank#156  Overall
#15  Graph DBMS
Websitephoenix.apache.orgwww.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.comdgraph.io
Technical documentationphoenix.apache.orgdocs.citusdata.comwww.cockroachlabs.com/­docsdgraph.io/­docs
DeveloperApache Software FoundationCockroach LabsDgraph Labs, Inc.
Initial release2014201020152016
Current release5.0-HBase2, July 2018 and 4.15-HBase1, December 20198.1, December 201824.1.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoAGPL, commercial license also availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0, commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCGoGo
Server operating systemsLinux
Unix
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyes infolate-bound, schema-on-read capabilitiesyesdynamic schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infospecific XML type available, but no XML query functionalitynono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyesyes infostandard, with numerous extensionsyes, wire compatible with PostgreSQLno
APIs and other access methodsJDBCADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
JDBCGraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functionsuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning (by key range) infoall tables are translated to an ordered KV store and then broken down into 64MB ranges, which are then used as replicas in RAFTyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replication using RAFTSynchronous replication via Raft
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsHadoop integrationnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess Control Lists (using HBase ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC, multi-tenancyfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlno infoPlanned for future releases

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More resources
Apache PhoenixCitusCockroachDBDgraph
DB-Engines blog posts

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