DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. SQLite vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Document store
Graph DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.62
Rank	#83	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.02
Rank	#190	Overall
	#33	Document stores
	#18	Graph DBMS

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

www.sqlite.org

www.stardog.com

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

docs.stardog.com

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Stardog-Union

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2000

2010

2022

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

Open Source

Public Domain

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

server-less

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

dynamic column types

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

Java

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

Access rights for users and roles

yes, based on authentication and database rules

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