DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MongoDB vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. MongoDB vs. Stardog vs. SurrealDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

One of the most popular document stores available both as a fully managed cloud service and for deployment on self-managed infrastructure

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS

Primary database model

column oriented

Document store
Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Spatial DBMS
Search engine

integrated Lucene index, currently in MongoDB Atlas only.
Time Series DBMS

Time Series Collections introduced in Release 5.0
Vector DBMS

currently available in the MongoDB Atlas cloud service only

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.91
Rank	#93	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	3.28
Rank	#83	Overall
	#45	Relational DBMS

Score	410.24
Rank	#5	Overall
	#1	Document stores

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.11
Rank	#174	Overall
	#30	Document stores
	#17	Graph DBMS

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

www.mongodb.com

www.stardog.com

surrealdb.com

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

www.mongodb.com/docs/manual

docs.stardog.com

surrealdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Microsoft

MongoDB, Inc

Stardog-Union

SurrealDB Ltd

Initial release

2000

2019

2009

2010

2022

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

cloud service with continuous releases

7.0.5, January 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

v1.5.0, May 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

MongoDB Inc.'s Server Side Public License v1. Prior versions were published under GNU AGPL v3.0. Commercial licenses are also available.

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Open Source

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

MongoDB available as DBaaS (MongoDB Atlas)

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Rust

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

Although schema-free, documents of the same collection often follow the same structure. Optionally impose all or part of a schema by defining a JSON schema.

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

string, integer, double, decimal, boolean, date, object_id, geospatial

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

Read-only SQL queries via the MongoDB Atlas SQL Interface

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL
HTTP REST
Prisma
proprietary protocol using JSON

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

Java

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Actionscript

unofficial driver
C
C#
C++
Clojure

unofficial driver
ColdFusion

unofficial driver
D

unofficial driver
Dart

unofficial driver
Delphi

unofficial driver
Erlang
Go
Groovy

unofficial driver
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Lisp

unofficial driver
Lua

unofficial driver
MatLab

unofficial driver
Perl
PHP
PowerShell

unofficial driver
Prolog

unofficial driver
Python
R

unofficial driver
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Smalltalk

unofficial driver
Swift

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

JavaScript

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

in MongoDB Atlas only

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Partitioned by hashed, ranged, or zoned sharding keys. Live resharding allows users to change their shard keys as an online operation with zero downtime.

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Multi-Source deployments with MongoDB Atlas Global Clusters
Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

can be individually decided for each read operation
Immediate Consistency

default behaviour

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

typically not used, however similar functionality with DBRef possible

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

Multi-document ACID Transactions with snapshot isolation

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

optional, enabled by default

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-memory storage engine introduced with MongoDB version 3.2

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Access rights for users and roles

yes, based on authentication and database rules

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

MongoDB provides an integrated suite of cloud database and data services to accelerate...
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Competitive advantages

Built around the flexible document data model and unified API, MongoDB is a developer...
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Typical application scenarios

AI-enriched intelligent apps (Continental, Telefonica, Iron Mountain) Internet of...
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Key customers

ADP, Adobe, Amadeus, AstraZeneca, Auto Trader, Barclays, BBVA, Bosch, Cisco, CERN,...
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Market metrics

Hundreds of millions downloads, over 150,000+ Atlas clusters provisioned every month...
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Licensing and pricing models

MongoDB database server: Server-Side Public License (SSPL) . Commercial licenses...
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