DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. SQLite vs. TypeDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Cloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

RDF store

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.62
Rank	#83	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	13.64
Rank	#39	Overall
	#6	Document stores

Score	111.41
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Score	0.70
Rank	#230	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#106	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

firebase.google.com/products/realtime-database

www.sqlite.org

typedb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

firebase.google.com/docs/database

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

typedb.com/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Google

acquired by Google 2014

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Vaticle

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2000

2012

2000

2016

2019

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

3.46.0 (23 May 2024), May 2024

2.26.3, January 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Public Domain

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

server-less

Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

yes

dynamic column types

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

Java
JavaScript
Objective-C

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

limited functionality with using 'rules'

Triggers

yes

via event handler

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

by using Cassandra

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

if the client is offline
Immediate Consistency

if the client is online

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

yes, based on authentication and database rules

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Competitive advantages

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Typical application scenarios

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Licensing and pricing models

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
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