DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splice Machine vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. Splice Machine vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Open-Source SQL RDBMS for Operational and Analytical use cases with native Machine Learning, powered by Hadoop and Spark

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

RDF store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.62
Rank	#83	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.54
Rank	#252	Overall
	#115	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

dgraph.io

www.postgresql.org

splicemachine.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

dgraph.io/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

splicemachine.com/how-it-works

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Splice Machine

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2000

2016

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2014

2019

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

16.3, May 2024

3.1, March 2021

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

AGPL 3.0, commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
Native Spark Datasource
ODBC

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Scala

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

Java

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

Shared Nothhing Auto-Sharding, Columnar Partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Yes, via Full Spark Integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
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