DBMS > Apache Jena - TDB vs. Databricks vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Jena - TDB vs. Databricks vs. Dgraph vs. PostgreSQL vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

A RDF storage and query DBMS, shipped as an optional-use component of the Apache Jena framework

The Databricks Lakehouse Platform combines elements of data lakes and data warehouses to provide a unified view onto structured and unstructured data. It is based on Apache Spark.

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

RDF store

Document store
Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.62
Rank	#83	Overall
	#3	RDF stores

Score	81.08
Rank	#15	Overall
	#2	Document stores
	#10	Relational DBMS

Score	1.53
Rank	#152	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	636.25
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

www.databricks.com

dgraph.io

www.postgresql.org

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

jena.apache.org/documentation/tdb/index.html

docs.databricks.com

dgraph.io/docs

www.postgresql.org/docs

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

originally developed by HP Labs

Databricks

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2000

2013

2016

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2019

Current release

4.9.0, July 2023

16.3, May 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache License, Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

RDF Schemas

Flexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

with Databricks SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

Fuseki

REST-style SPARQL HTTP Interface
Jena RDF API
RIO

RDF Input/Output

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

Java

Python
R
Scala

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and aggregates

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

Triggers

yes

via event handler

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Synchronous replication via Raft

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

TDB Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access control via Jena Security

Planned for future releases

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Supported database models : In addition to the Document store and Relational DBMS...
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