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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Teradata vs. TerminusDB vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonVelocityDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFully managed big data interactive analytics platformA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMSGraph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score45.33
Rank#21  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Score0.05
Rank#358  Overall
#36  Graph DBMS
#16  Object oriented DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.teradata.comterminusdb.comvelocitydb.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.teradata.comterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#velocitydb.com/­UserGuide
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftTeradataDataChemist Ltd.VelocityDB Inc
Initial release20182019198420182011
Current release1.1.0, April 2023cloud service with continuous releasesTeradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 201911.0.0, January 20237.x
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaProlog, RustC#
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hostedhosted
Linux
LinuxAny that supports .NET
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesyesnono
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash indexyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languageKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infoSQL 2016 + extensionsSQL-like query language (WOQL)no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
.Net
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
JavaScript
Python
.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallelyesno
Triggersyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesCallbacks are triggered when data changes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoHashingGraph PartitioningSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparkSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journalingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardRole-based access controlBased on Windows Authentication

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More resources
Apache IoTDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTeradataTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistVelocityDB
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