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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. LevelDB vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score2.26
Rank#114  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteiotdb.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbmaxdb.sap.comwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogleSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenLink Software
Initial release20182011198419981998
Current release1.1.0, April 20231.23, February 20217.9.10.12, February 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++C++C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnoyesPL/SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)nonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnoneSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBLevelDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DTimesTenVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache IoTDBLevelDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DTimesTenVirtuoso
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