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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Kdb vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Graph Engine vs. Kdb vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineHigh performance Time Series DBMSA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score7.55
Rank#53  Overall
#3  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score2.32
Rank#112  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgwww.graphengine.iokx.commaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualcode.kx.commaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software FoundationMicrosoftKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Microsoft
Initial release201820102000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 200319842019
Current release1.1.0, April 20233.6, May 20187.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMIT Licensecommercial infofree 32-bit versioncommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava.NET and CqC++
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8).NETLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'yesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenoSQL-like query language (q)yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
C
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functionsyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersyesnoyes infowith viewsyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioninghorizontal partitioningnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replicationSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlyesrights management via user accountsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityKdbMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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More resources
Apache IoTDBGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityKdbMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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