DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. IBM Cloudant vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.

Database as a Service offering based on Apache CouchDB

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	2.89
Rank	#103	Overall
	#52	Relational DBMS

Score	2.68
Rank	#106	Overall
	#20	Document stores

Score	22.69
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Website

iotdb.apache.org

cloud.google.com/spanner

www.ibm.com/products/cloudant

postgis.net

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

cloud.google.com/spanner/docs

cloud.ibm.com/docs/Cloudant

postgis.net/documentation

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

IBM, Apache Software Foundation

IBM acquired Cloudant in February 2014

Initial release

2018

2017

2010

2005

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

3.4.2, February 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Erlang

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

Query statements complying to ANSI 2011

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC

At present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API

RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
PHP
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

View functions (Map-Reduce) in JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Multi-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes

based on PostgreSQL

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

by using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Strict serializable isolation

atomic operations within a document possible

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Optimistic locking

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Access rights for users can be defined per database

yes

based on PostgreSQL

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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