DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2 vs. Heroic vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. H2 vs. Heroic vs. RDFox

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

Full-featured RDBMS with a small footprint, either embedded into a Java application or used as a database server.

Time Series DBMS built at Spotify based on Cassandra or Google Cloud Bigtable, and ElasticSearch

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1.18
Rank	#173	Overall
	#15	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.47
Rank	#76	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	8.13
Rank	#49	Overall
	#31	Relational DBMS

Score	0.51
Rank	#255	Overall
	#21	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Website

iotdb.apache.org

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.h2database.com

github.com/spotify/heroic

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.h2database.com/html/main.html

spotify.github.io/heroic

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Google

Thomas Mueller

Spotify

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2018

2008

2005

2014

2017

Current release

1.1.0, April 2023

2.2.220, July 2023

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

dual-licence (Mozilla public license, Eclipse public license)

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Server operating systems

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

via Elasticsearch

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
Native API

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

HQL (Heroic Query Language, a JSON-based language)
HTTP API

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Java

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

Java Stored Procedures and User-Defined Functions

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

none

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

Multi-source replication using Paxos

With clustering: 2 database servers on different computers operate on identical copies of a database

yes

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Roles, resources, and access types

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