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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Virtuoso vs. YottaDB

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. FoundationDB vs. Virtuoso vs. YottaDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYottaDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkOrdered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA fast and solid embedded Key-value store
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infousing the Octo plugin
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score1.06
Rank#185  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#85  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.28
Rank#306  Overall
#44  Key-value stores
Websiteiotdb.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdbvirtuoso.openlinksw.comyottadb.com
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlapple.github.io/­foundationdbdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoyottadb.com/­resources/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software FoundationFoundationDBOpenLink SoftwareYottaDB, LLC
Initial release2018201319982001
Current release1.1.0, April 20236.2.28, November 20207.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoAGPL 3.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaC++CC
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Docker
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free infosome layers support schemasyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesno infosome layers support typingyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagesupported in specific SQL layer onlyyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXby using the Octo plugin
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
PostgreSQL wire protocol infousing the Octo plugin
Proprietary protocol
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
M
Perl
Python
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin SQL-layer onlyyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Shardingyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Linearizable consistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoin SQL-layer onlyyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDoptimistic locking
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlyesnoFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Users and groups based on OS-security mechanisms
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache IoTDBFoundationDBVirtuosoYottaDB
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale โ€” as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for โ€” Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including โ€” European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base โ€‹of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache IoTDBFoundationDBVirtuosoYottaDB
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