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DBMS > Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache IoTDB vs. Firebase Realtime Database vs. Graph Engine vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonFirebase Realtime Database  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkCloud-hosted realtime document store. iOS, Android, and JavaScript clients share one Realtime Database instance and automatically receive updates with the newest data.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelTime Series DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score14.29
Rank#39  Overall
#6  Document stores
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteiotdb.apache.orgfirebase.google.com/­products/­realtime-databasewww.graphengine.ioazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlfirebase.google.com/­docs/­databasewww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software FoundationGoogle infoacquired by Google 2014MicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2018201220102019
Current release1.1.0, April 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoMIT Licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJava.NET and C
Server operating systemsAll OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)hosted.NEThosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like query languagenonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
Native API
Android
iOS
JavaScript API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java
JavaScript
Objective-C
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyeslimited functionality with using 'rules'yesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
TriggersyesCallbacks are triggered when data changesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)horizontal partitioningSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsIntegration with Hadoop and SparknoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual Consistency infoif the client is offline
Immediate Consistency infoif the client is online
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoyesnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlyesyes, based on authentication and database rulesAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache IoTDBFirebase Realtime DatabaseGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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