DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Quasardb vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Quasardb vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Distributed, high-performance timeseries database

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#332	Overall
	#29	Time Series DBMS

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

quasar.ai

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

doc.quasar.ai/master

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

quasardb

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2013

1989

2009

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.14.1, January 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

Free community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licenses

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

integer and binary

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

with tags

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like query language

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Sharding

consistent hashing

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

Source-replica replication with selectable replication factor

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by using LevelDB

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Transient mode

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Cryptographically strong user authentication and audit trail

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