DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. NuoDB vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	0.94
Rank	#197	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#300	Overall
	#24	Graph DBMS
	#13	RDF stores

Website

impala.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Microsoft

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Initial release

2013

1989

2013

2017

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

6.0, Septermber 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

restricted free version is available

commercial

limited edition free

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

RDF schemas

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

replication via a shared file system

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

tunable commit protocol

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Roles, resources, and access types

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