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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tablesgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanvirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosowww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftAurelius, owned by DataStaxOpenLink SoftwareJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20132012201219982019
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.2.11, September 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaCClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIJava API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infovia pluggable storage backendsyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanooptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTitanVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Table StorageTitanVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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