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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Table Storage vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Snowflake vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Table Storage  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA Wide Column Store for rapid development using massive semi-structured datasetsMicrosofts flagship relational DBMSCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.04
Rank#77  Overall
#6  Wide column stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score0.18
Rank#332  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­storage/­tableswww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-serverwww.snowflake.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmllearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-serverdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftSnowflake Computing Inc.Juxt Ltd.
Initial release20132012198920142019
Current release4.1.0, June 2022SQL Server 2022, November 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial inforestricted free version is availablecommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP APIADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Javauser defined functionsno
Triggersnonoyesno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federationyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoimplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Editionyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanooptimistic lockingACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights based on private key authentication or shared access signaturesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

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