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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpatial extension of PostgreSQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticspostgis.netgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticspostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoft8Kdata
Initial release2013201620052016
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceTransact SQLuser defined functions
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes infobased on PostgreSQLSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryesyes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosyesyes infobased on PostgreSQLAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostGISToroDB
DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
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