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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. SpaceTime vs. Splunk

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSpaceTime  Xexclude from comparisonSplunk  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.Analytics Platform for Big Data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSSearch engine
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.03
Rank#392  Overall
#8  Spatial DBMS
Score89.10
Rank#14  Overall
#2  Search engines
Websiteimpala.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.mireo.com/­spacetimewww.splunk.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.splunk.com/­Documentation/­Splunk
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMireoSplunk Inc.
Initial release2013201920202003
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial infoLimited free edition and free developer edition available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnoyes
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexednoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implementedno infoSplunk Search Processing Language for search commands
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP REST
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C#
C++
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnoyes
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicynoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceFixed-grid hypercubesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Real-time block device replication (DRBD)Multi-source replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanononono infoA 'Transaction' in Splunk has a different meaning: grouping related events into a single one for later searching
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationyesAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerSpaceTimeSplunk
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