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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Microsoft Access vs. Microsoft Azure AI Search vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure AI Search  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopMicrosoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)Search-as-a-service for web and mobile app developmentFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSearch engineRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeVector DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score5.59
Rank#63  Overall
#7  Search engines
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accessazure.microsoft.com/­en-us/­services/­searchazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accesslearn.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­searchdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaMicrosoftMicrosoftMicrosoft
Initial release2013199220152019
Current release4.1.0, June 20221902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 2019V1cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLshostedhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
RESTful HTTP APIMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C#
Java
JavaScript
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-enginenoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factornoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infobut no files for transaction loggingnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosno infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003yes infousing Azure authenticationAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaMicrosoft AccessMicrosoft Azure AI SearchMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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