DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenSearch vs. Snowflake

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Memgraph vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OpenSearch vs. Snowflake

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

An open source graph database built for real-time streaming and compatible with Neo4j

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

Vector DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	12.45
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.19
Rank	#94	Overall
	#8	Graph DBMS

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	16.03
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

memgraph.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

www.snowflake.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

memgraph.com/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

opensearch.org/docs/latest

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

Social network pages

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Memgraph Ltd

Microsoft

Amazon Web Services

Snowflake Computing Inc.

Initial release

2013

2017

2014

2021

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.5.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

BSL 1.1; commercial license for enterprise edition available

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

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Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and schema-optional

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

Bolt protocol
Cypher query language

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Elixir
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

JavaScript

yes

user defined functions

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

dynamic graph partitioning

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Multi-source replication using RAFT

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

with snapshot isolation

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with periodic snapshot and write-ahead logging (WAL) of changes

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Users, roles and permissions

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Memgraph directly connects to your streaming infrastructure so you and your team...
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OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
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Competitive advantages

Business Source License ensures a future for the Memgraph community MAGE algorithm...
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Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
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Typical application scenarios

Graph algorithms in bioinformatics Social network analysis Cryptocurrency network...
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The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
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Licensing and pricing models

You can check out our pricing model and licenses on the company website .
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The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
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