DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb vs. VictoriaMetrics

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Lovefield vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. NSDb vs. VictoriaMetrics

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Embeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

A fast, cost-effective and scalable Time Series DBMS and monitoring solution

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.29
Rank	#293	Overall
	#133	Relational DBMS

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#41	Time Series DBMS

Score	1.32
Rank	#162	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

google.github.io/lovefield

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

nsdb.io

victoriametrics.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

github.com/google/lovefield/blob/master/docs/spec_index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

nsdb.io/Architecture

docs.victoriametrics.com
github.com/VictoriaMetrics/VictoriaMetrics/wiki

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Google

Microsoft

VictoriaMetrics

Initial release

2013

2014

2017

2018

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

2.1.12, February 2017

v1.91, May 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

JavaScript

Java, Scala

Server operating systems

Linux

server-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js)

tested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari

hosted

Linux
macOS

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
OpenBSD

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

via JavaScript builder pattern

SQL-like query language

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

Graphite protocol
InfluxDB Line Protocol
OpenTSDB
Prometheus Query API
Prometheus Remote Read/Write

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

JavaScript

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

JavaScript

Triggers

Using read-only observers

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Synchronous replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

yes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database

yes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

using MemoryDB

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

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