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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. SiteWhere

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. LeanXcale vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. RavenDB vs. SiteWhere

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonLeanXcale  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonSiteWhere  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA highly scalable full ACID SQL database with fast NoSQL data ingestion and GIS capabilitiesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseM2M integration platform for persisting/querying time series data
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#291  Overall
#41  Key-value stores
#132  Relational DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score2.92
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score0.06
Rank#356  Overall
#35  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.leanxcale.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerravendb.netgithub.com/­sitewhere/­sitewhere
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerravendb.net/­docssitewhere1.sitewhere.io/­index.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaLeanXcaleMicrosoftHibernating RhinosSiteWhere
Initial release20132015201920102010
Current release4.1.0, June 2022cloud service with continuous releases5.4, July 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availableOpen Source infoCommon Public Attribution License Version 1.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C#Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-freepredefined scheme
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesno
Secondary indexesyesall fields are automatically indexedyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infothrough Apache DerbyKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (RQL)no
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
proprietary key/value interface
Spark Connector
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP REST
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
Java
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingSharding infobased on HBase
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationselectable replication factor infobased on HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Default ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnonono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseUsers with fine-grained authorization concept

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More resources
Apache ImpalaLeanXcaleMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerRavenDBSiteWhere
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