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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Kdb vs. LMDB vs. MaxDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonKdb  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-D  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopHigh performance Time Series DBMSA high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryA robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutionsFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Key-value storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score7.73
Rank#45  Overall
#2  Time Series DBMS
#1  Vector DBMS
Score1.94
Rank#120  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score2.15
Rank#115  Overall
#55  Relational DBMS
Score3.28
Rank#83  Overall
#45  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgkx.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbmaxdb.sap.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcode.kx.comwww.lmdb.tech/­docmaxdb.sap.com/­documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaKx Systems, a division of First Derivatives plcSymasSAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997Microsoft
Initial release20132000 infokdb was released 2000, kdb+ in 2003201119842019
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.6, May 20180.9.32, January 20247.9.10.12, February 2024cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree 32-bit versionOpen Sourcecommercial infoLimited community edition freecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++qCC++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyes infotable attribute 'grouped'noyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (q)noyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
HTTP API
JDBC
Jupyter
Kafka
ODBC
WebSocket
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Go
J
Java
JavaScript
Lua
MatLab
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsnoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyes infowith viewsnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardinghorizontal partitioningnonenoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationnoneSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno infosimilar paradigm used for internal processingnonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosrights management via user accountsnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaKdbLMDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsIntegrated columnar database & programming system for streaming, real time and historical...
» more
Competitive advantagesprovides seamless scalability; runs on industry standard server platforms; is top-ranked...
» more
Typical application scenariostick database streaming sensor data massive intelligence applications oil and gas...
» more
Key customersGoldman Sachs Morgan Stanley Merrill Lynch J.P. Morgan Deutsche Bank IEX Securities...
» more
Market metricskdb+ performance and reliability proven by our customers in critical infrastructure...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsupon request
» more

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Apache ImpalaKdbLMDBMaxDB infoformerly named Adabas-DMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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