DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Ingres vs. RocksDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Ingres vs. RocksDB vs. Spark SQL vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Well established RDBMS

Embeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Transactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	4.11
Rank	#81	Overall
	#44	Relational DBMS

Score	3.65
Rank	#85	Overall
	#11	Key-value stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

www.actian.com/databases/ingres

rocksdb.org

spark.apache.org/sql

trafodion.apache.org

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.actian.com/ingres

github.com/facebook/rocksdb/wiki

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

trafodion.apache.org/documentation.html

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Actian Corporation

Facebook, Inc.

Apache Software Foundation

Apache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP

Initial release

2013

1974

originally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s

2013

2014

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

11.2, May 2022

8.11.4, April 2024

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

2.3.0, February 2019

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

commercial

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Scala

C++, Java

Server operating systems

Linux

AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

but tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files available

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)

C++ API
Java API

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby

Java
Python
R
Scala

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Java Stored Procedures

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

Ingres Star to access multiple databases simultaneously

horizontal partitioning

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

Ingres Replicator

yes

none

yes, via HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

via user defined functions and HBase

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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