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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Trafodion

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Immudb vs. Ingres vs. LevelDB vs. Trafodion

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonImmudb  Xexclude from comparisonIngres  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonTrafodion  Xexclude from comparison
Apache Trafodion has been retired in 2021. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.Well established RDBMSEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesTransactional SQL-on-Hadoop DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMSKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score0.24
Rank#305  Overall
#43  Key-value stores
Score4.11
Rank#81  Overall
#44  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­codenotary/­immudb
immudb.io
www.actian.com/­databases/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldbtrafodion.apache.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.immudb.iodocs.actian.com/­ingresgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdtrafodion.apache.org/­documentation.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaCodenotaryActian CorporationGoogleApache Software Foundation, originally developed by HP
Initial release201320201974 infooriginally developed at University Berkely in early 1970s20112014
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.2.3, April 202211.2, May 20221.23, February 20212.3.0, February 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++GoCC++C++, Java
Server operating systemsLinuxBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
AIX
HP Open VMS
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono infobut tools for importing/exporting data from/to XML-files availablenono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like syntaxyesnoyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol
.NET Client API
JDBC
ODBC
proprietary protocol (OpenAPI)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/ADO.Net
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesnoJava Stored Procedures
Triggersnonoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioning infoIngres Star to access multiple databases simultaneouslynoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorIngres Replicatornoneyes, via HBase
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenononoyes infovia user defined functions and HBase
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoMVCCyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaImmudbIngresLevelDBTrafodion
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