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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. IBM Db2 vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. IBM Db2 vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopCommon in IBM host environments, 2 different versions for host and Windows/LinuxEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoSince Version 10.5 support for JSON/BSON documents compatible with MongoDBKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
RDF store infoin Db2 LUW (Linux, Unix, Windows)
Spatial DBMS infowith Db2 Spatial Extender
Document store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score125.90
Rank#9  Overall
#6  Relational DBMS
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.ibm.com/­products/­db2github.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlwww.ibm.com/­docs/­en/­db2github.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaIBMGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release20131983 infohost version20112019
Current release4.1.0, June 202212.1, October 20161.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infofree version is availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C and C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
z/OS
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
JDBC
JSON style queries infoMongoDB compatible
ODBC
XQuery
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Cobol
Delphi
Fortran
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnoyesnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoonly with Windows/Unix/Linux VersionnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factoryes infowith separate tools (MQ, InfoSphere)noneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAzure Active Directory Authentication

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More resources
Apache ImpalaIBM Db2 infoformerly named DB2 or IBM Database 2LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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