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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hypertable vs. LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. NuoDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonNuoDB  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAn open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformNuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.89
Rank#198  Overall
#92  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.3ds.com/­nuodb-distributed-sql-database
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdoc.nuodb.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHypertable Inc.GoogleMicrosoftDassault Systèmes infooriginally NuoDB, Inc.
Initial release20132009201120192013
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.9.8.11, March 20161.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial infolimited edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedhosted infoAmazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnonoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansnoall fields are automatically indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnonoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
C++ API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, SQL
Triggersnononoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicedata is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factor on file system levelnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infoManaged transparently by NuoDB
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonononoACID infotunable commit protocol
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes infoMVCC
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes infoTemporary table
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosnonoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationStandard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHypertableLevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerNuoDB
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