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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hive vs. NebulaGraph vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for Hadoopdata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score2.14
Rank#120  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghive.apache.orggithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
spark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homedocs.nebula-graph.iospark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookVesoft Inc.Apache Software Foundation
Initial release2013201220192014
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.1.3, April 20223.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VMLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesStrong typed schemayes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.no
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query languageSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceuser defined functionsno
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorselectable replication factorCausal Clustering using Raft protocolnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infoquery execution via MapReduceno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and rolesRole-based access controlno
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaHiveNebulaGraphSpark SQL
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHiveNebulaGraphSpark SQL
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