DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Snowflake vs. VelocityDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Hazelcast vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Snowflake vs. VelocityDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

A widely adopted in-memory data grid

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

JSON support with IMDG 3.12

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	5.72
Rank	#59	Overall
	#6	Key-value stores

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	133.72
Rank	#7	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#385	Overall
	#40	Graph DBMS
	#21	Object oriented DBMS

Website

impala.apache.org

hazelcast.com

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.snowflake.com

velocitydb.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

hazelcast.org/imdg/docs

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

Hazelcast

Microsoft

Snowflake Computing Inc.

VelocityDB Inc

Initial release

2013

2008

2014

2011

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

5.3.6, November 2023

7.x

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; commercial licenses available

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

All OS with a Java VM

hosted

Any that supports .NET

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

the object must implement a serialization strategy

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

JCache
JPA
Memcached protocol
RESTful HTTP API

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

.Net

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C#
C++
Clojure
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

.Net

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

Event Listeners, Executor Services

JavaScript

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

Events

JavaScript

similar concept for controling cloud resources

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

Replicated Map

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

yes

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency selectable by user

Raft Consensus Algorithm

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

one or two-phase-commit; repeatable reads; read commited

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

Role-based access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

Based on Windows Authentication

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