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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.postgresql.orgwww.timescale.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.heavy.aiwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaHEAVY.AI, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerTimescale8Kdata
Initial release201320161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20172016
Current release4.1.0, June 20225.10, January 202216.3, May 20242.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageC++C++ and CUDACCJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesyesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yesno
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infostandard with numerous extensionsyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.user defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersnonoyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding infoRound robinpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022PostgreSQLTimescaleDBToroDB
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