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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score27.97
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmldocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release2013200820192018
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 2021cloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2commercialOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaProlog, Rust
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
hostedLinux
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyesnoall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in JavaYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryes
Triggersnoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access control

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHBaseMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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