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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Hive vs. PlanetScale vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. HBase vs. Hive vs. PlanetScale vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonHive  Xexclude from comparisonPlanetScale  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopWide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTabledata warehouse software for querying and managing large distributed datasets, built on HadoopScalable, distributed, serverless MySQL database platform built on top of VitessA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score61.17
Rank#18  Overall
#12  Relational DBMS
Score1.59
Rank#151  Overall
#70  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orghbase.apache.orghive.apache.orgplanetscale.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlhbase.apache.org/­book.htmlcwiki.apache.org/­confluence/­display/­Hive/­Homeplanetscale.com/­docswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetApache Software Foundation infoinitially developed by FacebookPlanetScaleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20132008201220202019
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 20213.1.3, April 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJavaGoClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
All OS with a Java VMDocker
Linux
macOS
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-free, schema definition possibleyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infowith proprietary extensionslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
C++
Java
PHP
Python
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoCoprocessors in Javayes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyes infoproprietary syntaxno
Triggersnoyesnoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
selectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesyes infoquery execution via MapReducenono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynononoyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)noACID at shard levelACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABACAccess rights for users, groups and rolesUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

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More resources
Apache ImpalaHBaseHivePlanetScaleXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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