DBMS > Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Realm vs. Stardog

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. Realm vs. Stardog

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Spatial extension of H2

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

A DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core Data

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

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Score	13.77
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	0.00
Rank	#383	Overall
	#7	Spatial DBMS

Score	824.29
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	7.60
Rank	#52	Overall
	#9	Document stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Website

impala.apache.org

www.h2gis.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

realm.io

www.stardog.com

Technical documentation

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

www.h2gis.org/docs/home

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

realm.io/docs

docs.stardog.com

Developer

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

CNRS

Microsoft

Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019

Stardog-Union

Initial release

2013

1989

2014

2010

Current release

4.1.0, June 2022

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

7.3.0, May 2020

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

LGPL 3.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Linux

Linux
Windows

Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

APIs and other access methods

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Java

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

.Net
Java

with Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

yes

based on H2

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

runs within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessary

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

Triggers

yes

Change Listeners

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

selectable replication factor

yes

based on H2

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

yes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

In-Memory realm

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

based on H2

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

Access rights for users and roles

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