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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Greenplum vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Greenplum vs. H2GIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGreenplum  Xexclude from comparisonH2GIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTinkerGraph  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAnalytic Database platform built on PostgreSQL. Full name is Pivotal Greenplum Database infoA logical database in Greenplum is an array of individual PostgreSQL databases working together to present a single database image.Spatial extension of H2Fully managed big data interactive analytics platformA lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score8.37
Rank#48  Overall
#30  Relational DBMS
Score0.00
Rank#383  Overall
#7  Spatial DBMS
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#348  Overall
#35  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orggreenplum.orgwww.h2gis.orgazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorertinkerpop.apache.org/­docs/­current/­reference/­#tinkergraph-gremlin
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmldocs.greenplum.orgwww.h2gis.org/­docs/­homedocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaPivotal Software Inc.CNRSMicrosoft
Initial release20132005201320192009
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.0.0, September 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoLGPL 3.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaJava
Server operating systemsLinuxLinuxhosted
Data schemeyesyesyesFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyes infosince Version 4.2noyesno
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
ODBC
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC
Java
Perl
Python
R
Java.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Groovy
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceyesyes infobased on H2Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rno
Triggersnoyesyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorSource-replica replicationyes infobased on H2yes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
none
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes, multi-version concurrency control (MVCC)yesno
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesoptional
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and Kerberosfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardyes infobased on H2Azure Active Directory Authenticationno

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGreenplumH2GISMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerTinkerGraph
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