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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. GraphDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. GraphDB vs. HEAVY.AI vs. PostgreSQL vs. ToroDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A high performance, column-oriented RDBMS, specifically developed to harness the massive parallelism of modern CPU and GPU hardwareWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeSpatial DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score1.64
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comgithub.com/­heavyai/­heavydb
www.heavy.ai
www.postgresql.orggithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationdocs.heavy.aiwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaOntotextHEAVY.AI, Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer8Kdata
Initial release2013200020161989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2016
Current release4.1.0, June 202210.4, October 20235.10, January 202216.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoApache Version 2; enterprise edition availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++ and CUDACJava
Server operating systemsLinuxAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
LinuxFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesyesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no
Secondary indexesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCyesyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
JDBC
ODBC
Thrift
Vega
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC/Thrift
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducewell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersnononoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingnoneSharding infoRound robinpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replicationMulti-source replicationSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReducenonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoConstraint checkingnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnoACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHEAVY.AI infoFormerly named 'OmniSci', rebranded to 'HEAVY.AI' in March 2022PostgreSQLToroDB
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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More resources
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