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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. RDFox

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Microsoft Access vs. RDFox

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Access  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Microsoft Access combines a backend RDBMS (JET / ACE Engine) with a GUI frontend for data manipulation and queries. infoThe Access frontend is often used for accessing other datasources (DBMS, Excel, etc.)High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score104.92
Rank#11  Overall
#8  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#308  Overall
#25  Graph DBMS
#14  RDF stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­microsoft-365/­accesswww.oxfordsemantic.tech
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdeveloper.microsoft.com/­en-us/­accessdocs.oxfordsemantic.tech
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftOxford Semantic Technologies
Initial release2013201719922017
Current release4.1.0, June 20221902 (16.0.11328.20222), March 20196.0, Septermber 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercial infoBundled with Microsoft Officecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedWindows infoNot a real database server, but making use of DLLsLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesyes infoRDF schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yes infobut not compliant to any SQL standardno
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
DAO
ODBC
OLE DB
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Delphi
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
VBA
Visual Basic.NET
C
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
Triggersnonoyes infosince Access 2010 using the ACE-engine
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.nonereplication via a shared file system
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACID infobut no files for transaction loggingACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infobut no files for transaction loggingyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no infoa simple user-level security was built in till version Access 2003Roles, resources, and access types

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerMicrosoft AccessRDFox
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