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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. InterSystems IRIS vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonInterSystems IRIS  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A containerised multi-model DBMS, interoperability and analytics data platform with wide capabilities for vertical and horizontal scalabilityFully managed big data interactive analytics platform
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Key-value store
Object oriented DBMS
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMS infocolumn oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.54
Rank#84  Overall
#14  Document stores
#10  Key-value stores
#1  Object oriented DBMS
#45  Relational DBMS
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.intersystems.com/­products/­intersystems-irisazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorer
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.intersystems.com/­irislatest/­csp/­docbook/­DocBook.UI.Page.clsdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleInterSystemsMicrosoft
Initial release2013201720182019
Current release4.1.0, June 20222023.3, June 2023cloud service with continuous releases
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAIX
Linux
macOS
Ubuntu
Windows
hosted
Data schemeyesyesdepending on used data modelFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R
Triggersnonoyesyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicy
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud service
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Source-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud DataflownoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-spark
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesAzure Active Directory Authentication
More information provided by the system vendor
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerInterSystems IRISMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
Specific characteristicsInterSystems IRIS is a complete cloud-first data platform which includes a multi-model...
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Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerInterSystems IRISMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer
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