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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. JanusGraph

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Hypertable vs. JanusGraph

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopA Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters infoIt was forked from the latest code base of Titan in January 2017
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score12.45
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score2.02
Rank#125  Overall
#12  Graph DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerjanusgraph.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docsdocs.janusgraph.org
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleHypertable Inc.Linux Foundation; originally developed as Titan by Aurelius
Initial release2013201720092017
Current release4.1.0, June 20220.9.8.11, March 20160.6.3, February 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nono
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
C++ API
Thrift
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Clojure
Java
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenonoyes
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingyes infodepending on the used storage backend (e.g. Cassandra, HBase, BerkeleyDB)
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.selectable replication factor on file system levelyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engine
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)noUser authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerHypertableJanusGraph infosuccessor of Titan
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