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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Teradata

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HyperSQL vs. Teradata

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparisonTeradata  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Multithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDBA hybrid cloud data analytics software platform (Teradata Vantage)
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score10.63
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.69
Rank#101  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Score3.14
Rank#85  Overall
#46  Relational DBMS
Score41.47
Rank#22  Overall
#15  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerhsqldb.orgwww.teradata.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.htmldocs.teradata.com
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleTeradata
Initial release2013201720011984
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 2023Teradata Vantage 1.0 MU2, January 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infobased on BSD licensecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Java
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modeshosted
Linux
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoJoin-index to prejoin tables, aggregate index, sparse index, hash index
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011yesyes infoSQL 2016 + extensions
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
HTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
.NET Client API
HTTP REST
JDBC
JMS Adapter
ODBC
OLE DB
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
C
C++
Cobol
Java (JDBC-ODBC)
Perl
PL/1
Python
R
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoJava, SQLyes infoUDFs, stored procedures, table functions in parallel
Triggersnonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingnoneSharding infoHashing
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.noneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrityyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standardfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDBTeradata
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