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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. HBase vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonHBase  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.Wide-column store based on Apache Hadoop and on concepts of BigTableA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score30.50
Rank#26  Overall
#2  Wide column stores
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerhbase.apache.orggithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docshbase.apache.org/­book.htmlwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by PowersetJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2013201720082019
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.3.4, January 20211.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaClojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedLinux
Unix
Windows infousing Cygwin
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesyesschema-free, schema definition possibleschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesoptions to bring your own types, AVROyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011nolimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Java API
RESTful HTTP API
Thrift
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C#
C++
Groovy
Java
PHP
Python
Scala
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyes infoCoprocessors in Javano
Triggersnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationSingle row ACID (across millions of columns)ACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Access Control Lists (ACL) for RBAC, integration with Apache Ranger for RBAC & ABAC

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerHBaseXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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