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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Spanner vs. Graph Engine vs. HyperSQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparisonGraph Engine infoformer name: Trinity  Xexclude from comparisonHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopA horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.A distributed in-memory data processing engine, underpinned by a strongly-typed RAM store and a general distributed computation engineMultithreaded, transactional RDBMS written in Java infoalso known as HSQLDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Score0.61
Rank#240  Overall
#21  Graph DBMS
#35  Key-value stores
Score3.49
Rank#87  Overall
#47  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­spannerwww.graphengine.iohsqldb.org
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docswww.graphengine.io/­docs/­manualhsqldb.org/­web/­hsqlDocsFrame.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2013201720102001
Current release4.1.0, June 20222.7.2, June 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialOpen Source infoMIT LicenseOpen Source infobased on BSD license
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++.NET and CJava
Server operating systemsLinuxhosted.NETAll OS with a Java VM infoEmbedded (into Java applications) and Client-Server operating modes
Data schemeyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011noyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP APIHTTP API infoJDBC via HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCGo
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
C++
F#
Visual Basic
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoyesJava, SQL
Triggersnononoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardinghorizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.none
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflowno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integritynoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoStrict serializable isolationnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesoptional: either by committing a write-ahead log (WAL) to the local persistent storage or by dumping the memory to a persistent storageyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud SpannerGraph Engine infoformer name: TrinityHyperSQL infoalso known as HSQLDB
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