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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. PostGIS

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Datastore  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopAutomatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud PlatformElastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerSpatial extension of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSDocument storeRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument storeRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score4.47
Rank#76  Overall
#12  Document stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­datastoreazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticspostgis.net
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­datastore/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticspostgis.net/­documentation
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoft
Initial release2013200820162005
Current release4.1.0, June 20223.4.2, February 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++C
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhosted
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyes, details hereyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsSQL-like query language (GQL)yesyes
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBC.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C#
Java
PHP
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reduceusing Google App EngineTransact SQLuser defined functions
TriggersnoCallbacks using the Google Apps Enginenoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningyes infobased on PostgreSQL
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorMulti-source replication using Paxosyesyes infobased on PostgreSQL
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflownono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration infoStrong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infovia ReferenceProperties or Ancestor pathsno infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACID infoSerializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of TransactionsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yesyes infobased on PostgreSQL

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud DatastoreMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehousePostGIS
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