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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Oracle Rdb vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonOracle Rdb  Xexclude from comparisonSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score1.08
Rank#184  Overall
#85  Relational DBMS
Score18.96
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtablewww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb.htmlspark.apache.org/­sql
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docswww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­rdb-doc.htmlspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.html
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleOracle, originally developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)Apache Software Foundation
Initial release2013201519842014
Current release4.1.0, June 20227.4.1.1, 20213.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++Scala
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedHP Open VMSLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesno
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyesSQL-like DML and DDL statements
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Java
Python
R
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenono
Triggersnonono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingyes, utilizing Spark Core
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsyes, on a single nodeno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)no

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Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud BigtableOracle RdbSpark SQL
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