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DBMS > Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Apache Impala vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Microsoft Azure Synapse Analytics vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameApache Impala  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data Warehouse  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionAnalytic DBMS for HadoopGoogle's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Elastic, large scale data warehouse service leveraging the broad eco-system of SQL ServerA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMSKey-value store
Wide column store
Relational DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score13.77
Rank#40  Overall
#24  Relational DBMS
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score20.56
Rank#31  Overall
#19  Relational DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteimpala.apache.orgcloud.google.com/­bigtableazure.microsoft.com/­services/­synapse-analyticsgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationimpala.apache.org/­impala-docs.htmlcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsdocs.microsoft.com/­azure/­synapse-analyticswww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by ClouderaGoogleMicrosoftJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2013201520162019
Current release4.1.0, June 20221.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2commercialcommercialOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++C++Clojure
Server operating systemsLinuxhostedhostedAll OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeyesschema-freeyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nononono
Secondary indexesyesnoyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsnoyeslimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesAll languages supporting JDBC/ODBCC#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
PHP
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infouser defined functions and integration of map-reducenoTransact SQLno
Triggersnononono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingShardingSharding, horizontal partitioningnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesselectable replication factorInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesyesyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infoquery execution via MapReduceyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual ConsistencyImmediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonono infodocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­synapse-analytics/­sql-data-warehouse/­sql-data-warehouse-table-constraintsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoAtomic single-row operationsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nono
User concepts infoAccess controlAccess rights for users, groups and roles infobased on Apache Sentry and KerberosAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)yes

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More resources
Apache ImpalaGoogle Cloud BigtableMicrosoft Azure Synapse Analytics infopreviously named Azure SQL Data WarehouseXTDB infoformerly named Crux
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